New serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of patients with ulcerative colitis

a review

Abstract

Objective: to conduct a literature review on possible serum markers in patients with UC to identify potential biomarkers. Methods: the descriptors “Colitis Ulcerative”, “Biomarkers”, and “Diagnosis” were used for the search in the PUBMED, LILACS, SciELO, and SCOPUS databases. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the databases, the 32 articles were classified as samples. Results: research indicates that biomarkers can play distinct roles in assessing activity and diagnosing UC. For instance, the peptide nesfatin-1 showed elevated serum levels during active periods of the disease, while the peptide trefoil factor 3 showed promise in predicting UC activity. It is worth highlighting that C-reactive protein (CRP) is a commonly used marker in which high values are observed in patients during the active phase of the disease; however, studies suggest the need to redefine CRP cutoff values to better predict endoscopic remission. Other approaches, such as the analysis of proteins, specific fatty acids, and proteins related to the extracellular matrix, have also been explored, highlighting their potential as biomarkers. Conclusion: in summary, there is a diversity of possible clinically important biomarkers that play different roles in the assessment and diagnosis of UC. However, it is essential to conduct further research to validate these biomarkers and achieve greater reliability.