Immunohistochemical characterization and clinical management of solid arrangement carcinoma in a canine mammary tumor

Abstract

Canine Mammary Tumors (CMTs) are prevalent in female dogs, particularly in those that are unspayed, while being rare in males (<1%). These tumors are predominantly malignant with diverse histological classifications and a high mortality rate. Solid carcinomas within CMTs represent a crucial focus of research due to their prevalence and varied prognostic implications. Understanding their biological behavior through detailed histological and immunohistochemical analyses is pivotal for developing tailored treatment strategies. The identification of specific subtypes of solid carcinomas allows for improved prognostication and therapeutic interventions, thereby potentially enhancing both the quality of life and survival rates of affected dogs. This study presents a case of an 8-year-old Pinscher diagnosed with solid arrangement carcinoma, characterized by positive CK14 staining indicative of poorly differentiated basaloid carcinoma. The dog underwent chemotherapy with doxorubicin and carboplatin. This case underscores the significance of precise immunohistochemical and histological classification of CMTs in facilitating accurate prognosis and treatment planning, even for small nodules. Notably, the dog's survival of 420 days surpassed the typical median survival for solid carcinomas, highlighting the potential for enhanced outcomes with appropriate clinical management. Overall, this case emphasizes the critical need for comprehensive clinical, histopathological, and molecular evaluations in the intricate management of canine CMTs, aiming to optimize treatment strategies and improve clinical outcomes.